yearmillion国家地理

1. 政治、历史、地理、生物、物理八年级上册期末复习资料及试卷

中国历史八年级（上册）期末复习试卷及答案

一、单项选择题（在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的。本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）
1、小明要了解有关近代香港历史史实，可以查阅下列哪一个条约（ ）
A、《南京条约》 B、《天津条约》 C、《马关条约》 D、《辛丑条约》
2、右图的照片，使你联想到的历史事件是（ ）
A、鸦片战争中，英军攻陷浙江定海
B、第二次鸦片战争中，英法联军火烧圆明园
C、八国联军侵华战争中，八国联军洗劫北京城
D、日本全面侵华战争中，日军在南京城烧、杀、抢
3、“大将筹边尚未还，湖湘子弟满天山。新栽杨柳三千里，引得春风度玉关”此诗反映的是（ ）
A、林则徐充军伊犁后开发新疆的业绩 B、林则徐领导虎门销烟的事迹
C、洪秀全领导金田起义的情形D、左宗棠率领湖南战士收复新疆、治理边疆的伟大业绩
4、“此日漫挥天下泪，有公足壮洛军威。”这副沉痛的挽联，是人们为哀悼一位民族英雄而撰写的。这位民族英雄是（ ）
A、戚继光 B、郑成功 C、林则徐 D、邓世昌
5、下列有关《辛丑条约》的内容中哪一项最能说明清政府完全沦为帝国主义统治中国的工具（ ）
A、清政府赔偿白银4.5亿两 B、清政府保证严禁人民参加反帝活动
C、清政府拆毁大沽炮台，允许帝国主义派兵驻扎北京到山海关铁路沿线要地
D、划定北京东交民巷为使馆界，允许各国驻兵保护，不准中国人居住
6、了解湖北钢铁业的历史，主要查阅的企业资料是（ ）
A、开平煤矿 B、湖北织布官局 C、汉阳铁厂 D、江南制造总局
7、谭嗣同被慈禧太后杀害后，街头巷尾的人们议论纷纷，你认为符合史实的议论是（ ）
A、他是洋人的密探，卖国求荣 B、他甘为变法而捐躯
C、慈禧太后杀的是贪官 D、他真傻，其实他可以逃走
8、下列哪一口号最能反映五四运动是一场反帝反封建的爱国运动（ ）
A、取消二十一条 B、反对在对德和约上签字
C、外争主权，内除国贼D、誓死力争，还我青岛
9、“开这个军官学校，独一无二的希望，就是创造革命军，来挽救中国的危亡！”文中所指这所学校的创办者是（ ）
A、袁世凯 B、孙中山 C、李大钊 D、周恩来
10、以8月1日为中国人民解放军的建军节，是为了纪念（ ）
A、南昌起义 B、广州起义 C、秋收起义 D、三湾改编
11、某校打算暑假组织学生去中国第一个农村革命根据地旧址举办夏令营,他们应该（ ）
A、延安 B、井冈山 C、西北坡 D、北平
12、在“重走长征路”的活动课上，学生再现历史场景时不应该出现的是（ ）
A、强渡大渡河 B、四渡赤水河 C、过雪山草地 D、井冈山会师
13、如果以“勿忘国耻，以史为鉴“为主题出一期板报，下列素材应选择（ ）
A、南昌起义 B、九一八事变 C、西安事变 D、重庆谈判
14、按因果关系排列下列史实（ ）
①中共提出建立全国抗日民族统一战线的主张 ②西安事变 ③抗日民族统一战线初步形成 ④九一八事变后日本侵华，民族矛盾上升
A、①②③④ B、②③④① C、④①②③ D、③④①②
15、1937年12月，日本侵略者占领当时中国首都，屠杀中国居民和士兵达三十万人以上，而现在却被日本右翼势力称之为“20世纪最大的谎言“的事件是（ ）
A、九一八事变 B、南京大屠杀 C、卢沟桥事变 D、七七事变
16、解放后，为了纪念淮海战役，国务院决定兴建淮海战役纪念馆，你认为纪念馆建在何地合适（ ）
A、徐州 B、连云港 C、济南 D、南京
17、自古以来，中国社会地位的排列顺序是“士、农、工、商”，状元最受人们尊敬和羡慕，而工商业却是被人看不起的“末业”。但在清末却出一位“舍本逐末”的状元，此人是（ ）
A、张謇 B、荣宗敬 C、荣德生 D、孙中山
18、在20世纪初的上海，人们可以做到的事是（ ）
①看《申报》 ②坐飞机 ③使用商务印书馆出版的字典 ④拍电报
A、①②③ B、①②④ C、①②③④ D、①③④
19、在《天演论》中宣传“勿竞天择，适者生存”“世道必进，后胜于兮”的进步观点的思想家是（ ）
A、詹天佑 B、侯德榜 C、魏源 D、严复
20、作为中华人民共和国国歌的《义勇军进行曲》的作者之一是（ ）
A、聂耳 B、冼星海 C、郭沫若 D、徐悲鸿
二、非选择题（60分）
21、选用所学知识问答题（10分）
所谓近代化，即是中国人民向西方学习，寻求新的出路的过程。19世纪下半期到20世纪初，中国的近代化在饱受到强侵略，国门被迫打开的情况中艰难开始，主要经历了洋务运动，戊戌变法、辛亥革命和新文化运动。
⑴请你继续绘制四次运动的思想主张变化示意图（4分）
“师夷长技” → 维新变法 → →
⑵从这些思想主张的发展变化，你可以看出中国近代化探索过程有什么特点？（2分）

22、下面是马虎同学写的一篇《我的1912年》短文中的片段，请你将文中违背基本史实的错误逐一指出来，并简要说明理由。（10分）
我的1912年
前几天，我在家中通过电视观看了孙中山在上海举行的临时大总统宣誓就职仪式。不久，我收到在北京做生意的表哥来信，邀请我去玩。表哥陪我在北京街头游览一番，还听到一些群众的议论。听说皇帝宣布退位，清朝结束了。想去年，朝廷还把主张维新变法的袁世凯等六人全杀。在回家的途中，我顺便买了一本《新青年》杂志。……
⑴错误：____________________，理由：______________________________；
⑵错误：____________________，理由：______________________________；
⑶错误：____________________，理由：______________________________；
⑷错误：____________________，理由：______________________________；
⑸错误：____________________，理由：______________________________。
23、根据相关知识，回答下列“红军长征”问题：
长 征
红军不怕远征难，万水千山只等闲。五岭逶迤朦细浪，乌蒙磅礴走泥丸。
金沙水拍云崖暖，大渡桥横铁索塞。更喜岷山千里雪，浑过汗后尽开颜。
⑴（2分）1936年10月，红军三大主力会师，宣告了红军长征胜利结束，“1936年”处在哪个世纪哪个年代？

⑵（4分）请你写出长征途中的两件英雄事迹。

⑶（3分）谈谈你印象中的长征精神。

24、20世纪三四十年代日本发动了大规模的侵华战争，中国人民进行了英勇的抵抗并最终取得抗战胜利。回答以下问题：
⑴全国性的抗日战争开始于什么事件？（2分）

⑵中国军民“血肉筑长城”，概要举出中国军民抵抗日本法西斯侵略的事例名称。（发生在本地的其他事例亦可，6分）

⑶请问：抗日战争结束以什么为标志？（2分）随着抗战的胜利，被日本统治达50年之久的什么地方回到了祖国怀抱？（2分）

⑷你认为中国抗日战争胜利的历史意义是什么？（3分）

25、阅读下列材料
2005年4月26日至5月3日中国国民党主席连战先生率团访问大陆，他在《答谢胡锦铸辞》中说“诚如总书记刚才所讲，今天的聚会是国民党和共产党六十年来头一次，也是在两岸的情况之下党和党见面交换意见高层次的一次，难能可贵。”
⑴连战访问第一站是南京，拜谒了中山陵。请问：中山陵是为了纪念谁而修建的？（2分）

⑵请问六十年前国共两党最高层次的见面指的是什么事件（2分）国共双方领导人分别是谁？（2分）

⑶在历史上国共两党曾经有过两次合作，请问：国共两党第一次、第二次合作的开始和结束标志是什么？（4分）

26、中国近代史不仅是一部中国人民的屈辱史，更是一部英勇的中国人民的抗争史，同时也是中国人民探索救国救民道路的探索史。学习这段历史，你对其中的哪一段斗争，或哪一位爱国志士或哪一场运动印象最深？从中受到了哪些教育？假如你是当时的一名学生，为改变中国当时的命运，你最想做的一件事是什么？（10分）

中国历史八年级（上册）期末复习试卷参考答案与评分标准

一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20题，计40分）
1、A 2、B 3、D 4、D 5、B 6、C 7、B 8、C 9、B 10、A
11、B 12、D 13、B 14、C 15、B 16、A 17、A 18、D 19、D 20、A
二、非选择题（共6题，计60分）
21、（共6分）⑴三民主义（2分） 民主与科学（2分） ⑵层层递进，由表及里，逐渐深入（或从经济变革到政治变革再到思想文化变革或从学习西方技术到改变封建制度再到解放思想）（2分）
22、（共10分）⑴错误：通过电视 理由：1912年还未发明电视 ⑵错误：在上海 理由：孙中山在南京宣誓就职 ⑶错误：想去年 理由：维新派人士被杀应在1898年 ⑷错误：袁世凯 理由：被杀的谭嗣同等六人 ⑸错误：《新青年》 理由：1915年才在上海创刊（每空1分）
23、（共9分）⑴二十世纪三十年代（2分） ⑵巧渡金沙江、四渡赤水河、强夺大渡河、飞夺泸定桥（其他列举只要是红军长征途中的英雄事迹，即可得分。答对1点得2分，共4分） ⑶红军长征精神是红军战胜艰难困苦，勇往直前、大无畏的革命英雄主义精神（其他的答案只要符合题意，就可得到3分，如有学生有创新意识的答案可加1～2分，但本小题总得分不超过9分）
24、（共15分）⑴七七事变（或卢沟桥事变2分） ⑵平型关大捷、百团大战、台儿庄战役（每点2分）（唐柳人民打鬼子等本地的事例，写出一个也可给2分。但本题不能超过6分） ⑶1945年8月15日日本宣布无条件投降（2分） 台湾（2分） ⑷表述一：抗战的胜利是一百多年来，中国反抗外来侵略，取得第一次胜利。（3分） 表述二：中国的抗战是世界反法西斯斗争的重要组成部分，中国人民的斗争支援了其他国家人民的斗争，具有世界意义。（得3分） 表述三：中国人民为反抗法西斯的侵略付出了巨大的民族牺牲，为世界人民反法西斯斗争胜利做出了重要贡献。（得3分） 表述四：用自己的话回答（只要言之有理即得3分）
25、（共10分）⑴孙中山（2分） ⑵重庆谈判（2分） 蒋介石和毛泽东（2分） ⑶1924年国共两党第一次合作（1分） 1927年国民党右派叛变革命，国共合作破裂（1分） 1937年全国性抗日战争爆发后，国共两党再次合作，共同抗日（1分） 随着抗日战争结束，国共关系再度破裂。（1分）
26、写出印象最深的一段斗争、一位爱国志士可得2分，但必须是中国近代史上的，写出从中受到哪些教育可得3分。自己最想做的一件事是什么，为何做，准备如何做，阐述清楚可得5分，要求表述成文，语言流畅。

2. 瑞士 地理位置 宗教信仰 （英文 要翻译）

下面们是关于你问题完整的中英文对照（原文与精译），比较详细，不知道你要多少字的，按需取舍吧。

Geography
It is often said that Switzerland lies at the heart of Europe. Geographically speaking, that's not quite true. However, the main route linking northern and southern Europe does run through the Alps.
Switzerland borders Germany in the north, Austria and the Principality of Liechtenstein in the east, Italy in the south and France in the west. This means that three important European cultures meet in Switzerland - that of the German-speaking region, the French and the Italian.
地理概况
人们常常称瑞士为"欧洲的心脏"。就地理位置而言，瑞士并非位于欧洲的中心；但连接欧洲南北的主要干线穿越瑞士的阿尔卑斯山。
瑞士北部与德国接壤，东临奥地利和列支顿士登，南临意大利，西临法国。欧洲的三种重要文化在瑞士融合，形成了不同的地区，即德语区、法语区和意大利语区。

Size, regions, population
Switzerland has an area of 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 square miles). The proctive area - that is, the area without the lakes, rivers, unproctive vegetation and no vegetation at all - covers 30,753 square km (11,870 square miles)
The Jura, the Plateau and the Alps form the three main geographic regions of the country.
7.4 million people- just over one thousandth (0.1 per cent) of the global population - live in Switzerland.
Switzerland has a high population density, with 234 people per square km (606 per square mile) of the proctive area in 2000. In the agglomerations, which cover about 20% of the total surface area, the density is 590 per square km (1528 per square mile).
面积、地区、人口
瑞士国土总面积为41285平方公里，只占全球面积的千分之1.5。可生产地区， 即没有湖泊河流，植被可生产的地区为30753平方公里。
汝拉山区、中部平原及阿尔卑斯地区构成瑞士的三个主要地区。
瑞士人口有七百三十万，只占全球人口总数的千分之一。
瑞士的人口密度较高，可生产地区的人口密度为每平方公里237人。城市聚集的地区约占瑞士总面积的20%，其人口密度为每平方公里590人。

Religious landscape
Membership of Christian churches has shrunk in recent years. In a wideranging poll of Swiss attitudes taken in 2000, only 16% of Swiss people said religion was "very important" to them, far below their families, their jobs, sport or culture. Another survey published the same year showed the number of regular church goers had dropped by 10% in 10 years. Among Catholics, 38.5% said they did not go to church, while among Protestants the figure was 50.7%. Only 71% of the total of those asked said they believed in God at all. The demand for church baptisms, weddings and funerals has fallen sharply in the last 30 years. The 2000 census showed that the Roman Catholic and the mainstream Protestant church (the Reformed-Evangelical) had lost in both absolute terms (the number of members) and in relative terms (their share of the total population.)
On the other hand, the smaller offshoots of these two churches were proportionately the same as before. The free evangelical churches accounted for 2.2% of the population; the Christian Catholic church made up 0.2%.
The Jewish community also remained more or less unchanged. Recent immigration has brought members of other faiths to Switzerland, in particular Islam and Orthodox Christianity.
Even if the churches are no longer relevant in many people's lives, both Roman Catholicism and Protestantism have played a key role in shaping modern Switzerland and the way in which Swiss people see themselves.
宗教分布
近年来，基督教成员的数目明显减少。2000年，宗教态度的大范围投票中：只有16%的瑞士人认为宗教是“非常重要”的；但比起家庭，事业，健身及文化，还是差远了。同年的另一项研究表明：经常去教堂的人数在十年中降了十个百分点。38.5%的天主教徒承认没有去教堂；而不去教堂的新教徒占50.7%。在被调查到的两教教徒中，只有71%的人表示相信上帝。 近三十年来，在教堂做洗礼，举行婚礼丧礼的人数越来越少。 2000年的普查表明：罗马天主教及主要新教(革新的传福音者)，无论是绝对数目(教堂成员人数)，还是相对数目(所占总人口比例)都大幅度地下降。
除了两大教派意外，其它较小的教派比例均衡。自由福音教人数占总人口的2.2%；而基督天主教占0.2%。
此外，犹太教人数基本保持不变。
尽管教会在人们生活中的地位已不太重要，但天主教和新教仍对现代瑞士社会起着塑造作用，影响着瑞士人对自身的态度。

Roman Catholicism
Roman Catholicism tends to be associated with conservatism and the preservation of traditional values, including regional autonomy and commitment to the local community. The strongly Roman Catholic cantons include Uri (more than 90%), Schwyz and both Nidwalden and Obwalden, the Alpine cantons which took the 1291 oath of confederation, regarded as the foundation of modern Switzerland. They joined together at that time to assert their rights to rule themselves in the face of outside powers. Today these are the areas which vote most strongly against any moves they believe could bring Switzerland closer to its neighbours and threaten its neutrality.
The Roman Catholic church in Switzerland is unusual in that the secular authorities in ten Catholic cantons have an important say in the nomination of bishops. This is the result of an agreement between the Pope and the participating cantons in 1828.
After many years in which Protestants were the majority in Switzerland, Roman Catholicism again became the largest religious group around the middle of the 20th century, as a result of immigration from Catholic countries.
罗马天主教
罗马天主教倾向于传统守旧，并让人联想到地区自治和地方信奉。罗马教势力在下面几个州的势力较强：乌里州(超过90%),施维茨州和上下瓦尔登州。这几个州位于阿尔卑斯地区，于1291年宣誓联合，被认为是现代瑞士的雏形。当时的联合是为了抵制外来强权，保护自身权利。今天，一旦提议革新可能使瑞士与邻国接近，损害瑞士中立地位，便会遭到这几个州的强烈反对。
瑞士的罗马天主教堂有其与众不同之处：在10个信奉天主教的州，非宗教政权在主教的提名上有非常中重要的发言权。这是1828年罗马大主教与这些州协调的结果。
多年来，基督教徒一直占大多数。但自二十世纪中叶以来，天主教再次成为瑞士最大的宗教。该现象主要是由大量来自天主教国家的移民引起的。

Protestantism
Switzerland was home to two of the leading figures of the Protestant reformation which swept across Europe in the 16th century, Ulrich Zwingli and Jean Calvin. On the whole it was the better-off rural cantons and the cities which were to develop into Switzerland's instrial centres which adopted the new religion. Geneva in particular became a stronghold of Protestantism, and a haven for refugees - including Calvin himself - fleeing oppression in Catholic countries. These refugees in turn made an important contribution to the city's intellectual and economic life. Protestants valued rationality and hard work, and saw wealth as a reward from God, an ethos which helped lay the foundations of modern Swiss prosperity.
The 1848 constitution which created the federal Swiss state as we know it today, was drawn up by Protestant radicals who saw greater centralisation as essential to develop an instrialised economy. The federal state created a single currency system to replace the different cantonal currencies, and lifted internal trade barriers.
基督新教
16世纪时，基督教改革席卷整个欧洲。改革的两位重要领导人乌尔里希?慈运理(Ulrich Zwingli)和约翰?加尔文(Jean Calvin)都是瑞士人。从总体上看，瑞士较富裕的乡村和工业化城市接受了新教。日内瓦成为基督教的最坚决拥护者，并为受天主教压迫的流亡者，如加尔文，提供避难港。这些流亡者为日内瓦的知识和经济生活做出了巨大贡献。基督教徒重视合理性与辛勤工作，认为健康是上帝的恩赐：这种意识形态为现代瑞士的繁荣奠定了基础。
1848的瑞士宪法确立了今天的联邦政体。当时的宪法是由一名激进派的基督教徒起草的。他认为较高的中央集权是工业化经济发展必不可缺的。联邦政府创建了统一的货币制度，取消了各州不同的货币形式，从而解除了国内贸易的障碍。

Other religions
Switzerland's third biggest religious group is Islam. The 2000 census showed that there are over 300,000 Muslims in the country, slightly more than twice as many as in 1990. Many of these Muslims are refugees or asylum seekers, but the number of Swiss nationals who are Muslims has increased from 7,700 to 36,500 in ten years.
其它宗教
瑞士的第三大宗教是伊斯兰教。2000宗教普查表明，瑞士有三十多万的穆斯林教徒，该数目几乎超出了1990年两倍。大多数穆斯林是来自其它国家的避难者。仅10年的时间，瑞士公民中的穆斯林人数就从7700增加到36500。

The number of Orthodox Christians has also increased as a result of immigration from central and eastern European countries. They total more than 130,000.
大量来自中东欧的移民使得东正教人数增多。其总数已超过13万人。

The number of followers of Judaism has remained stable, with around 17,900.
犹太教的人数也稳定增长，目前大概有17900人。

There are some 21,000 Buddhists following different schools. Just over half the Buddhists are Swiss nationals. The biggest Buddhist temple in Switzerland, Wat Srinagarindravararam, opened in canton Solothurn in 2003. It follows the Theravada school.
There has been a steep rise in the number of people saying they belong to no religion. They now account for just over 11% of the population, against 7.4% in 1990, and 1.1% in 1970.
不同的佛教教派共有大约二万一千教徒，其中一半是瑞士公民。瑞士最大的佛教庙宇泰国僧院(Wat Srinagarindravararams)于2003年在索洛图恩(Solothurn)落成；其次是小乘佛教僧院(Theravada)。
无神论者的数目也急剧上升，目前占总人口的11%以上。1990年时，该比例为7.4%，1970年仅为1.1%。

3. 把中文翻译成英文数词，

three hundred
thirty thousand
three hundred thousand
thirty million
three hundred million
year two thousand中year表示年份
2020 twenty twenty
two thousand and twenty
two o two o
1楼的three hundred million 是3千万
three thousand million =three billion 30亿才对回!答!

4. 帮忙翻译一下

For the submarine photographer's first essential factor is you needs to guarantee cannot be drowned. Mentions, at least some two year above diving experience can start to be engaged in the submarine photography. Second also is very regretable, the submarine photographic equipment is truly extremely expensive, because except many specially makes the equipment, you also need many supporting facility and you diving outfit. On January 13, 1888, the US national geographic academic society was founded in Washington, at this point, it has passed through for 116 years. Take "promotes and the popular geography knowledge" as the objective. The academic society has subsidized to the world farthest quoin exploration, meanwhile has distributed the publication which several hundred kinds wins an award, including its flagship publication - "National geographic" magazine, but has the faithful subscriber which million counts. The US national geographic academic society is in the world the biggest non- profit earning organization and one of ecational institutions, it has 10 million members. In 1898. This year, Bell operates the rudder the national geographic academic society. This telephone inventor married the academic society founder's daughter by chance, but he the most important property which obtains from wife's father there is this magazine. At that time, magazine 发行量 only had about 1,000, the inventor let it have the noticeable growth, turned an arid tasteless academic society published conference proceeding has been all the rage the whole world "National geographic" the magazine. The US national geographic in a century exploration and the discovery, has covered US national geographic academic society's each subject, for instance: Land biology, submarine biology, world culture and science - from outer space to archaeology to humanities. The picture held the nature to be precious instantaneous and the world each place people's life. These extremely rich charm picture has unfolded the US national geographic academic society photographer's excellent technique and the rich imagination.

5. 美国的地理书上是怎样描述中国的

美国人根本就不重视地理教育。他们的中学地理课跟中国的地理课，根本没法比！！！中国的中学生，只要好好学了地理课，多少都懂一些地理常识，什么季风啦、版块啦、城市规划啦之类的，但是美国人，除非是大学地理系的，别的基本不懂这些。而且现在开设地理系的大学也越来越少了，连哈佛都取消了地理系。
例如，底特律附近的公立中学的课本上，有一本是专门介绍世界各国的。实际上，说是世界各国，半本书都在很浅显很无聊地介绍美国各州。其它各国里，对中国就介绍了一页半（包括几张照片/地图），在世界主要国家里已经算篇幅多的了，比德国、俄罗斯和整个非洲的篇幅都多。很多其它还算主流的国家，比如丹麦、土耳其和韩国这些，在课本里都没被提到，或者一笔带过。
中国：
Located in East Asia, People's Republic of China (often referred as China) is the most populous state in the world, with a population of around 1.4 billion. With 33 provincial divisions, including two Special Administrated Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, China covers a huge territory of about 3.7 million squared miles. It also claims the territory of Taiwan. The official language in China is Mandarin Chinese, but there are many other languages, such as Cantonese, Wu, Hakha and Tibetan, spoken in this country.
中华人民共和国（通常简称中国）位于东亚，是世界上人口最多的国家，拥有大约14亿人口。中国有33个省级行政区，包括香港和澳门两个特区。它拥有大约370万平方英里的广阔土地。中国也主张拥有台湾的领土。中国的官方语言是普通话，但是在中国境内也有很多其它语言，比如广东话、吴语、客家语及藏语等。
Population is unevenly distributed in China. Eastern provinces are much more densely populated than western areas. There are 56 ethnic groups in China, while Han ethnic is dominating in population. Han ethnic people constitute about 91% of the population, and the rest 55 ethnic groups, including Zhuang, Miao, Hui, Tibetans, Uyghurs, Manchus and Mongols, are known as minorities. Those minority groups contributed to the diversity of Chinese cultures, landscapes and languages.
中国的人口分布很不均匀。东部省份的人口密度比西部地区更高。中国有56个民族，其中汉族占据了人口的大多数。汉族人口占中国人口的91%，而剩下的55个民族，例如壮族、苗族、回族、藏族、维吾尔族、满族和蒙古族，则被称为少数民族。这些少数民族为中国带来了多元的文化、人文景观和语言。
Due to its huge landmass, the physical landform of China is remarkably heterogeneous. Eastern and northeastern China, where great plains are clustered in, are generally lower in elevation. Major mountain ranges and basins are found in the southern and western China. Tibetan Plateau, with an average altitute of about 12,000 feet, sets in the southwest. Mountain Everest, the highest point of the world, is located at the border between China and Nepel. There are several major rivers in China, such as Yangtze, Huai, Pearl, Mekong and Yellow rivers, and most of them are flowing eastwards to the Pacific Ocean. China also has abundant natural resources, such as coal, oil and iron.

因为拥有广阔的面积，中国的自然地形也非常多样。 大平原主要分布在东部和东北部，那些地区的海拔较低。主要的山脉和盆地分布在南部和西部。青藏高原位于西南，它的平均海拔有12000英尺。珠峰是世界上最高的地方，位于中国和尼泊尔的边界。中国有很多大河，例如长江、淮河、珠江、湄公河和黄河，它们大多数都是朝东流进太平洋。中国也拥有丰富的自然资源，例如煤、油和铁。
China's capital city is Beijing, which is located in the North China Plain. Other major cities include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Tianjin, Xi'an and Chongqing. China is going through the rapid urbanization process. Cities are clustered in certain areas, such as Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, to form city belts or metropolitan zones. Old instrial centers in central and northeastern China are declining, and local governments are trying to upgrade instries.
中国的首都是北京，坐落在华北平原。其它主要城市包括上海、广州、香港、天津、西安和重庆。中国正在经历快速的城市化进程。很多城市集中出现在某些特定的区域，例如长三角和珠三角。这些区域会形成城市带或超级大都市。中部和东北部的老工业区正在萧条中，当地政府正在进行产业升级。
With diversed landforms and long history, China has plenty of tourism sites. Historical relics, such as Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terra Cotta Warriors and Mogao Grottoes, are able to draw millions of tourists both domestic and international each year. Magnificent natural views, such as Mountain Tai, Three Gorges and Guilin Karst, are also attractive to visitors.
因为有多样的地形和悠久的历史，中国拥有很多旅游景点。像长城、故宫、兵马俑和莫高窟这样的历史遗迹每年可以吸引几百万国内外的游客，而像泰山、三峡和桂林喀斯特地貌这种壮美的自然景观也能吸引来访者。

6. 谁现在能给我写一篇英语作文啊,关于澳大利亚简介的,最好是能把它的地理位置,文化和历史都能写到,谢谢了!

有钱就可以

7. 美国国家地理杂志的英文介绍

The National Geographic Magazine, later shortened to National Geographic, is the official journal of the National Geographic Society. It published its first issue in 1888, just nine months after the Society itself was founded. It has become one of the world's best-known magazines and is immediately identifiable by the characteristic yellow border running around the edge of its cover.

There are 12 monthly issues of National Geographic per year, plus additional map supplements. On rare occasions, special editions are also issued. It contains articles about geography, popular science, history, culture, current events, and photography. The current Editor-in-Chief of National Geographic Magazine is the renowned photographer, Chris Johns, who has photographed extensively in Africa. The foreword to Johns' own illustrated book on Africa was written by Nelson Mandela.

Society Executive Vice President John Q. Griffin, and President of the Magazine Group, has overall responsibility for the English language magazines at National Geographic. Terry B. Adamson, Society Executive Vice President who also is the Society's chief legal officer and heads governmental relations, has overall responsibility for the Society's international publications.

With a worldwide circulation in all languages of nearly nine million, more than fifty million people read the magazine every month. In May, 2007, National Geographic magazine won the American Society of Magazine Editors' prestigious General Excellence Award in the over two million circulation category and the best photography award for three issues of the magazine in 2006.

国家地理杂志》（National Geographic Magazine，或简称为《国家地理》）是美国国家地理学会的官方杂志，在国家地理学会1888年成立后的9个月开始发行第一期。现在国家地理杂志已经成为世界上最广为人知的一本杂志，其封面上的亮黄色边框及月桂纹图样已经成为其象征，同时这些标识也是国家地理杂志的注册商标。

国家地理杂志每年发行12次（此杂事为月刊），每刊带有辅助地图。但偶尔有特版发行则不在此限。杂志的内容包括地理，科普文章，历史，文化， 实事和照片。

杂志现在的首席主编是著名的摄影记者克里斯•约翰斯（Chris Johns），他曾经拍摄了大量的关于非洲的照片。原南非总统纳尔逊•曼德拉（Nelson Mandela）曾经为克里斯的书撰写了前言。约翰•格里芬，美国国家地理学会的行政副总裁和国家地理杂志的主席主要负责本杂志英文版的所有事物。泰瑞•阿达姆森，另一名美国国家地理学会专门负责法律事务和政府公关的行政副总裁主要负责杂志的国际版所有事务。国家地理杂志每个月以各种不同的语言出版9 百万册，并拥有超过5百万的读者。

8. 用英语对美国作简要介绍，地理位置(所临海洋及临国)、面积、50个州、首都、人口、经济状况、中美关系

Introction to U.S.A.

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait, and the state of Hawaii is in the mid-Pacific. The United States also possesses several territories, or insular areas, scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with over 300 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by land area and by population. The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse nations, the proct of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with a nominal 2006 gross domestic proct (GDP) of more than US$13 trillion (over 19% of the world total based on purchasing power parity).
The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. Proclaiming themselves "states," they issued the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence.A federal convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments, was ratified in 1791.
In the nineteenth century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, Great Britain, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and instrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of slavery in the United States. The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the nation's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. The United States entered the post–Cold War era as the only remaining superpower and a dominant economic, political, and cultural force in the world.

美国简介

美利坚合众国（英语：United States of America，USA），简称美国，旧称花旗国，是位于北美洲的联邦共和制国家，也是世界上最为悠久的共和立宪制国家。美国本土东濒大西洋，西临太平洋，北靠加拿大，南接墨西哥及墨西哥湾。首都为华盛顿哥伦比亚特区。美国源自于1776年脱离英国统治的北美殖民地，13州的殖民地代表一同发表了《美国独立宣言》，在经历艰苦的独立战争后，于1783年与英国签订了巴黎协约，从此受到世界各国的承认。

经过两百多年的发展，美国国土不断拓展，37个州陆续加入联邦旗下。目前有50个州，1个联邦直辖特区，以及若干海外领地。国土面积超过962万平方公里，国土面积位居世界第三或第四名。美国人口约3亿人，其数量亦为世界第三。美国国旗上的50颗白色星星代表50个州；每当新州加入联邦，次年的7月4日国旗将增加一颗星。国旗上红色及白色横条各7及6条，共13条，纪念最初的13个州。

建国200多年以来，美国曾经历过南北战争（1861—65年）和经济大恐慌（1930年代）两次严酷考验[NextPage]，仍坚守自由民主制政治制度，成为宪法民主和公民自由的代表性国家。美国庞大的经济、文化、科技、和军事影响力贯穿了整个20世纪。在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战中，美国和同盟国一同获得胜利，并经历数十年的冷战后终于拖垮苏联，成为世界上唯一的超级大国。当今美国在全世界的经济、政治、军事等众多领域的庞大影响力都是无他国能比的